Khvolson stands out as a leading Jewish intellectual, who taught Hebrew at numerous institutions, translated much of the Old Testament into Russian, and taught Biblical Archeology at the capital’s Spiritual Academy. Moreover, he was the resident expert on Khazars. And, he taught also at the St. Petersburg Roman Catholic Academy. A convert to Christianity, Khvolson remained influential as a scholar who used the Old Testament and other Hebrew texts to counter anti-Semitism, especially the notion of blood libel.